It was separated from the Asian continent (the Eurasian landmass) by a sea called the Tethys sea. When Pangaea (a super landmass of all land masses) broke about 100 million years ago, India started drifting northward towards Asia at a rate of about 30 feet per century. The 3,600 mile journey towards Asian continent took about 40 to 50 million years and the landmass eventually collided the Eurasian continent creating the Himalayan mountain range which stretches about 1750 miles bordering Tibet, India, and Nepal. The Himalayan range is said to be the land where earth meets the sky and has the tallest peak in the world called Mt. Everest.

The wheel denotes life in continuous motion. Saffron color denotes courage, sacrifice and renunciation, the white denotes purity, and green denotes faith and prosperity. The flag was adopted on 22nd July 1947 by India constituent assembly as the flag of freedom. On January 28, 2002 (after 54 years) an amendement to the constitution enabled any citizen to to hoist the flag. Before this amendment, the citizens could hoist the flag only on certain days.

In 1971, the Indian flag went into space on board Apollo-15. Indian cosmonaut Rakesh Sharna, wore it on his space suit during the Indo-soviet joint space flight in April 1984.

• Rabindranath Tagore - 1913 Literature
• Sir C.V. Raman - 1930 Physics
• Hargobind Khorana - 1968 Medicine
• Mother Teresa - 1979 Peace
• Subramanyan Chandrasekhar - 1983 Physics
• His Holiness Dalai Lama - 1989 Peace
• Prof. Amartya Sen - Economics 1998
• V.S.Naipaul - 2001 Literature

He started an experimental school in Shantiniketan which was modeled after the upanishad way of teaching. He was a good friend of Mahatma Gandhi and was knighted by the queen of England in the year 1915. However, within a few years he resigned the post of knighthood to protest the British occupation of India. He was a prolific writer and authored several novels, plays, collection of poems, his autobiography and the indian national anthem.

In 2004, the nobel prize medal was stolen from the campus of Vishwa Bharati university in Shantiniketan. Eight months after it was stolen, Sweden presented replicas of the Nobel Prize medal to be placed in Vishwa Bharati, Shantiniketan on December 08, 2004. Two replicas of the stolen medal, one in gold and one in bronze, were presented by Swedish Secretary of State.